Bidding and signals

Expert: with sources and numbers. Plain: the same, without them, for beginners.

What you control (an objective, a target, a budget) and the rule that decides whether the campaign can work at all.

Verified 2026-09-18 · 39 days ago android google-ads bidding

You do not bid on anything specific. You state an objective and a target, and the system does the rest.

The bidding models

Target CPI (tCPI), for install campaigns. You set a target cost per install.

Target CPA (tCPA), for campaigns optimising to an in-app action rather than the install.

Target ROAS (tROAS), for campaigns optimising to revenue. A Achieved return on ad spend can only be assessed if the value of the completed event is known, so the conversion setting for the targeted event must be tracking value from your analytics provider. (Best practices for App campaigns, verified 2026-09-18)

That last point is the common failure: a tROAS campaign with no value passed back is optimising toward a number it cannot see.

The budget rule

A For App campaigns for installs using tCPI, the budget should be at least 50 times the bid. Same source.

This is the single most useful number in the section. A €5 target CPI needs roughly €250 a day. Below that the campaign cannot gather enough conversions to optimise, and it will underperform in a way that looks like a targeting problem and is actually a volume problem.

It also means App campaigns have a minimum viable spend. A small budget spread across several campaigns is worse than one campaign funded properly. And it is a real reason a team may be better served by Apple Ads Basic on iOS than by an underfunded App campaign on Android.

Diagnosing a constrained campaign

A Google’s own diagnostic: if the achieved CPI or CPA is closely tracking or intermittently exceeding the set target, or if tROAS is consistently higher than achieved ROAS, the campaign is bid-constrained. Same source.

Bid-constrained means the target is too tight for the auction, so the system cannot buy volume without breaching it. The fix is raising the target or accepting the volume. Not adding assets or restructuring.

The signals you actually control

There is no keyword list, so influence comes from elsewhere:

Conversion events. What you tell Google to optimise for. An install-optimised campaign and a purchase-optimised campaign buy different users. This is the highest-leverage decision in the whole section.

Conversion value. Required for tROAS, and it must come back from your analytics.

Assets. The creative signal (95-01).

Your Play listing. App campaigns send traffic to the Play listing, so A everything that governs Play conversion applies. And with custom store listings, the landing page becomes a choice (95-03).

Targets and budget. The objective and the constraint.

What goes wrong

Underfunding relative to the target. Budget should be at least 50× the bid.

tROAS with no value tracking. Optimising toward an invisible number.

Treating a bid-constrained campaign as a creative problem. Google names the diagnostic.

Splitting a small budget across many campaigns. Each learns nothing.

Optimising to installs and expecting quality users. You get what you asked for.

In short

Every fact on this page in one line, with its evidence tier, source and verification date, 2 A. Generated from the claim register, so it cannot drift from the page above.

A For App campaigns for installs using target CPI, Google advises the budget should be at least 50 times the bid. Target ROAS can only be assessed if the value of the completed event is known, so the conversion setting for the targeted event must track value from the analytics provider.
GADS-BID-001 · verified 2026-09-18
A Google's diagnostic for a bid-constrained App campaign: achieved CPI or CPA closely tracking or intermittently exceeding the set target, or tROAS consistently higher than achieved ROAS.
GADS-BID-002 · verified 2026-09-18

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